Six groups emerged from the data from a possible nine combinations of social and technological approaches. Although there was a polarisation of participatory approaches and technical ones, the range of practice suggests that the two may coincide, rejecting straightforward linearity (O'Riordan, 1989). Buildings were technical in nature, often requiring specific environmental qualities delivered through highly engineered solutions (such as artificial lighting linked to Ethernet cables to monitor and adapt to room conditions or buildings that could operate in extreme and hostile environments). According to Dusch, Crilly, and Moultrie (2010), models can be considered in two broad categories: nominative (either principle or domain based) and evaluative (which place conceptual ideas within a wider framework). This was then summarised into a tentative structure of practices in consistent categories. (Ryan: principal, Practice S), We … try to specify things like wood fibre or hemp or straw, and I think that's really come from a background of understanding breathability and things like that and historic buildings. It is a human-centered strategy focusing on improved quality of life in which environmental quality is an important part. Thinner floorplates, higher ceilings, heavier structure, they're all good things. They identify a series of “emblematic issues” (Guy & Farmer, 2000) that give rise to discourses, collections of “ideas, concepts and categorisations that are produced, reproduced and transformed in a particular set of practices” (Hajer, 1995, p.44). History . A key issue for sustainable development is the extent to which different types of capital can be substituted for each other. It encompasses numerous assessment criteria including comfort, space, energy, materials, water, and project delivery; however, it also prioritises energy performance (Awadh, 2017). Environmental policy: Ecological modernisation or the risk society? (Charles: principal, Practice L). Like other mid‐tech approaches, benchmarking and standards played a major part in driving sustainable design. Designing for a more sustainable future is a widely accepted tenet of contemporary design, yet since the publication of Our Common Future (Brundtland et al., 1987), there has been little consensus on an optimal course of action. They described a sustainable design agenda that valued translations of vernacular building technologies in traditional, architect‐led, building process often using natural building materials. The Sustainable Development Objectives cover different apects of social development, environmental protection and economic growth, and these are the main ones: - The eradication of poverty and hunger so as to ensure a healthy life. A number of recent studies have considered sustainability in practice in the United Kingdom focussing on the integration of specific themes including post occupancy evaluations (Hay, Samuel, Watson, & Bradbury, 2018), sustainable regeneration (Akotia & Opoku, 2017), and using energy modelling tools in design practice (Oliveira, Marco, Gething, & Robertson, 2017). (Kristian: partner, Practice A), If we can figure out that no one's using the wash rooms on that floor on that day, then we just don't send anyone to clean them so it means 20% less work and then potentially a cost saving of some sort, so there's that kind of practical thinking but there's also the idea that we can hot‐desk, we can close down several floors. Training and livelihoods for displaced people in Sudan’s South Kordofan state. Health authorities in Kyrgyzstan provide essential support to vulnerable people. The mid‐tech/participatory practices tended to examine sustainability through a social lens, rather than the cultural or material approach characterising the low‐tech groups. This has implications for professional organisations, who are able to shape practice through recognised standards, as well as designers themselves. Sustainable Development Goals. The range of strategies employed represents an expanding conceptual field of sustainable design (Guy & Moore, 2007); however, there is no coherent framework with which to critically assess competing approaches. The findings were analysed through the contrasting domains of technological engagement and attitude to behavioural change and cooperation (Dusch et al., 2010; Hopwood et al., 2005; O'Riordan, 1989). They emphasised appropriate sustainable technologies, often questioning the value of particular building upgrades. Goals and Strategies: Sustainable Development Through Different Constructions 7 October 22 nd Sustainable Development Yardsticks: Measuring Progress and Success 8 October 29 th Cancelled - Hurricane Sandy November 5 th Academic Holiday 9 November 12 th I Object! This involved detailed technical analysis, and two of the practices collected operational data in order to increase operational efficiency. Income inequality is on the rise—the richest 10 percent have up to 40 percent of global income whereas the poorest 10 percent earn only between 2 to 7 percent. Practices are analysed through the opposing domains of eco‐centrism and techno‐centrism, graphically presented by Dusch et al. Second, practices that had won national or regional awards for sustainability were approached. … if we are building new we should be trying as much as possible to build using locally sourced material and then very much within that building as well harnessing the environment too. Target 2.1: By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round The Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries – poor, rich and middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. Unlike the mid‐tech/participatory group who emphasised empowerment of stakeholders, communication tended to focus on education as a one‐way process, which involved seeking to change client aspirations. (Peter: sole practitioner, Practice E). In 1980, the top one percent had 16 percent of global income. BREEAM is widely considered the most prominent of these initiatives in the United Kingdom (Yang, 2016) and has been the foundation for a range of international standards in the United States, Australia, and Japan (Doan et al., 2017). Urban sustainability and the LEED rating system: Case studies on the role of regional characteristics and adaptive reuse in green building in Denver and Boulder, Overcoming the technophilia/technophobia split in environmental discourse, Evolution of design for sustainability: From product design to design for system innovations and transitions, Mapping sustainability knowledge E‐networking and the value chain, Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept, Sustainable development concepts and practice in the built environment—A UK perspective, A typology to categorize the ideologies of actors in the sustainable development debate, A critical comparison of green building rating systems, Developing a framework for mapping sustainable design activities, Directive on the energy performance of buildings 2010/31/EU Brussels: European Parliament, Directive on energy efficiency 2012/27/EU Brussels: European Parliament, Towards a critical regionalism: Six points for an architecture of resistance, Anti‐aesthetic. Sustainable development is the organizing principle for economic development while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The high‐tech group was distinct from the mid‐tech group in their focus on building performance through innovative, quantifiable, and often digital solutions. Evaluative models organise conceptual ideas within an analytical framework. Choose one sustainable development project that most interests you to research more in depth. This includes Gaianist (Lovelock, 2000) and Communalist paradigms that tend to be aligned with social and economic equity adopting a constructivist view understanding environmental problems as social constructions. This represented the most diverse range of practices in terms of size (three to 200 employees), yet all were involved in medium‐ to large‐scale projects, with a range of uses, well in excess of £1 million. These cover a range of subjects including conservation of fuel and power, ventilation, and toxic substances. This was most apparent in the categories of low‐tech/intermediate, mid‐tech/participatory, and mid‐tech/authoritative; all three of which sit outside the expected range of eco‐centric/techno‐centric spectrum. The x axis represents attitudes to building technologies, whereas the y axis captures attitudes to cooperation with stakeholders. (2010) represent this approach graphically, drawing from the matrix of Abernathy and Clark (1985), to create a model of sustainable innovation (Figure 2). Income inequality has increased in nearly everywhere in recent decades, but at different speeds. Invariably, at the low‐tech end, practices dealt with simpler projects, often for private individuals that allowed for more straightforward approaches. But it was designed around the eight trees that grew here on this site. There was a clear desire for simpler modes of inhabitation, which formed part of a wider narrative that embraced nature and ecology. The results are presented in terms of attitudes to technology and cooperation expressed by interviewees. Eco‐centricisim is based on a nurturing view of the environment that is based on a faith in natural ethics and the self‐reliance of communities based on “renewable and appropriate resources” (p. 85). But in part conceptually from the use of locally contextual and appropriate materials. However, substitution between different types of capital is not always possible. This research analyses this variety and develops a unique framework that reveals actual and potential paths for sustainable design. Universally reconstructed in the light of new ecological knowledge and transforming our consciousness of nature. By contrast, techno‐centrism adopts a manipulative world view that often coincides with either “faith in the adaptabiltiy of insititutions” (p. 85; accommodation) or the application of technology, innovation, and market forces (intervention). This included simple acts such as wearing more clothes in winter (Practice P) or manually warming internal environments through stoves running on firewood (Practice E). Table 2 describes the sample selected. Through representing environmental concerns on one axis, and socio‐economic concerns on another, they visually compare different dominant discourses of the sustainable development debate (Figure 1). Finally, a “snowball” technique was used to expand the range and diversity of correspondents to practices with overt sustainable agendas. , ventilation, and “ flourishing ” of sustainable development model to U.K.! Coded data, … sustainability has been a pretty good Trojan horse just for better architectures websites do. 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