[2] and then in 2008 he became an emeritus professor there. Sea floor spreading. 6 Plate Dynamics In 1959, he informally presented this hypothesis in a manuscript that was widely circulated. The plates are made up of the lithosphere. recognizes that the geography of the planet is constantly changing. Pioneers of plate tectonics What is a plate? Plate tectonics is a theory about how Earth's lithosphere is divided into a series of rigid plates; and, how movements of these plates produce earthquakes, volcanoes, ocean trenches, mountain ranges, and more. The answer lies in the composition of the rocks. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the Earth. Among the many gaps in scientific knowledge at the time of Alfred Wegener was an understanding of the dynamics of the ocean floors. This division shou… These age data also allow the rate of seafloor spreading to be determined, and … After 1998, he was a professorial fellow of the University of East Anglia. His theory of sea floor spreading maintained that new basaltic oceanic crust forms at a midoceanic ridge and is slowly pushed away on both sides toward the continents as more new crust is produced. Geologist whose theories on seafloor spreading contributed towards the understanding of plate tectonics. ... What are the two main types of evidence geologist use learn about the Earth's interior? 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Continental Drift and the Development of Plate Tectonic … The concept of plate tectonics was formulated in the 1960s. 200. The dates revealed that the Atlantic Ocean was opening by seafloor spreading from the Mid Atlantic Ridge at a rate of about 0.02 metres per year. (Measurements indicate that new crust … Like the scientists before us, we will now merge the ideas of continental drift and seafloor spreading into the theory of plate tectonics. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Geologist whose theories on seafloor spreading contributed towards the understanding of plate tectonics. Seafloor and continents move around on Earth’s surface, but what is actually moving? He worked with R. A. Livermore and A. G. Smith on the history of the Earth's magnetic field. We have 1 possible answer in our database. By continuing to browse this site, you agree to this use. Vine and Matthews showed that basalt created at a mid-ocean ridge records earth's current magnetic field polarity (and strength), thus turning Hess's theoretical 'conveyor belt' into a 'tape recorder'. Harry Hammond Hess, a professor of geology at Princeton University, was very influential in setting the stage for the emerging plate-tectonics theory in the early 1960s. In 1970 he moved to the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia, becoming professor there in 1974. . The process of plate tectonics circulates materials between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere Some asthenosphere becomes lithosphere at mid-ocean spreading centers and reenters the asthenosphere at subduction zones. What portion of the Earth makes up the “plates” in plate tectonics? In seafloor trenches around the world, slabs of old ocean crust fall in slow motion into the mantle, while fresh slabs are built at midocean … [4] Vine's work, with that of Drummond Matthews and Lawrence Morley of the Geological Survey of Canada, helped put the variations in the magnetic properties of the ocean crust into context in what is now known as the Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis. Plate Tectonics—The Unifying Theory of Geology. Theory of Plate tectonics Definition and Evidence | UPSC – IAS. Hess discovered that the oceans were shallower in the middle and identified the presence of Mid Ocean Ridges, raised above the surrounding generally flat sea floor ( abyssal plain) by as much as 1.5 km. These slabs are called tectonic plates and fit together like pieces to a puzzle. We live on a layer of Earth known as the lithosphere which is a collection of rigid slabs that are shifting and sliding into each other. 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