is catalonia a country

This depends on the health system in each country. [185] The majority of Catalan sport federations are part of the Sports Federation Union of Catalonia (Catalan: Unió de Federacions Esportives de Catalunya), founded in 1933. Another major plain is the Empordà, located in the northeast. It also has many international synchronized swimming champions. [167][168][169][170][needs update] However, some of these policies have been criticised for trying to promote Catalan by imposing fines on businesses. During the last steps of the Dictatorship, Barcelona celebrated the 1929 International Exposition,[43] while Spain began to suffer an economical crisis. [54], A controversial independence referendum was held in Catalonia on 1 October 2017, using a disputed voting process. Napoleon took direct control of Catalonia to establish order, creating the Government of Catalonia under the rule of Marshall Augereau, and making Catalan briefly an official language again. The independent Spanish communities of Aragon border Catalonia to the West, while to the north it is bounded by France and Andorra. Other important institutions for the promotion of cinema are the Gaudí Awards (Premis Gaudí in Catalan, which replaced from 2009 Barcelona Film Awards themselves created in 2002), serving as equivalent for Catalonia to the Spanish Goya or French César. . [191], Catalonia is internationally recognized for its fine dining. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area was conquered by the Visigoths and was ruled as part of the Visigothic Kingdom for almost two and a half centuries. Anuari estadístic de Catalunya. And it's currenctly politically divided by the sovereign states of the French Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. Old Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya Vella) was a legal concept created by Catalan jurist Pere Albert [] in the second quarter of the thirteenth century to refer to the territories of Catalonia containing remensa peasants from the Diocese of Girona, the eastern half of the Diocese of Vic and the portion of the Archdiocese of Barcelona east of the Llobregat river. Anuario estadístico de Cataluña. [111] That year, the GDP growth was 2.3%. In the home, the nativity scene often consists of strips of cork bark to represent cliffs or mountains in the background, moss as grass in the foreground, some wood chips or other as dirt, and aluminum foil for rivers and lakes. [148] This policy was changed in 1946, when restricted publishing in Catalan resumed.[149]. Friendly Games. The Pyrenean peaks have a continental (Köppen D) or even Alpine climate (Köppen ET) at the highest summits, while the valleys have a maritime or oceanic climate sub-type (Köppen Cfb). A country is defined as a geographical area that is identified as a distinct national body. Catalonia’s size allows us to do that. Catalonia does not meet this definition and therefore cannot be categorized as a country. As with all the cuisines of the Mediterranean, Catatonian dishes make abundant use of fish, seafood, olive oil, bread and vegetables. Later, Francesc Macia productively pressed for significant rights of autonomy for Catalonia. [13] In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. In the 19th century, Catalonia was severely affected by the Napoleonic and Carlist Wars. There are two publicly owned railway companies operating in Catalonia: the Catalan FGC that operates commuter and regional services, and the Spanish national RENFE that operates long-distance and high-speed rail services (AVE and Avant) and the main commuter and regional service Rodalies de Catalunya, administered by the Catalan government since 2010. The Catalan Football Federation also periodically fields a national team against international opposition, organizing friendly matches. Other popular musical styles were born in the second half of the 20th century such as Nova Cançó from the 1960s with Lluís Llach and the group Els Setze Jutges, the Catalan rumba in the 1960s with Peret, Catalan Rock from the late 1970s with La Banda Trapera del Río and Decibelios for Punk Rock, Sau, Els Pets, Sopa de Cabra or Lax'n'Busto for pop rock or Sangtraït for hard rock, electropop since the 1990s with OBK and indie pop from the 1990s. Castells are one of the main manifestations of Catalan popular culture. In November 2003, elections to the Parliament of Catalonia gave the government to a left-wing catalanist coalition formed by the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC-PSOE), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV), and the socialist Pasqual Maragall was appointed president. Areas within the Pre-Coastal Range include Montserrat, Montseny and the Ports de Tortosa-Beseit. Another traditional celebration in Catalonia is La Patum de Berga, declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO on 25 November 2005.[178]. Human activities have also put some animal species at risk, or even led to their disappearance from the territory, like the gray wolf and probably the brown bear of the Pyrenees. Catalonia has given to the world many important figures in the area of the art. There are some examples of Renaissance (such as the Palau de la Generalitat), Baroque and Neoclassical architectures. [45] Catalonia's long-term credit rating is BB (Non-Investment Grade) according to Standard & Poor's, Ba2 (Non-Investment Grade) according to Moody's, and BBB- (Low Investment Grade) according to Fitch Ratings. One of the most astonishing and sui-generis figurines traditionally placed in the nativity scene, to the great glee of children, is the caganer, a person depicted in the act of defecating. Tomorrow’s new technologies are being imagined, created and developed in Barcelona and Catalonia, one of the world’s leading tech regions. Every comarca is administered by a comarcal council (consell comarcal). [91] The final local referendum was held in Barcelona, in April 2011. At present there are 41. Seny is a form of ancestral Catalan wisdom or sensibleness. The main tourist destinations in Catalonia are the city of Barcelona, the beaches of the Costa Brava in Girona, the beaches of the Costa del Maresme and Costa del Garraf from Malgrat de Mar to Vilanova i la Geltrú and the Costa Daurada in Tarragona. Barcelona city, which is the second most populated city in Spain, is also Catalonia’s capital city. The same constitution gave Catalonia the automatic right to autonomy, which resulted in the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979. There are 12,000 kilometres (7,500 mi) of roads throughout Catalonia. [94], Parties that consider themselves either Catalan nationalist or independentist have been present in all Catalan governments since 1980. This period was marked by political unrest, the effects of the economic crisis and their social repercussions. For the historic political entity, see, Autonomous community in northeastern Spain, Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and Franco's rule (1939–1975), Transition and democratic period (1975–present), Anthropic pressure and protection of nature. The defeat of the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War brought to power the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, whose first ten-year rule was particularly violent, autocratic, and repressive both in a political, cultural, social, and economical sense. Catalonia has a long tradition of use of radio, the first regular radio broadcast in the country was from Ràdio Barcelona in 1924. Catalan and Occitan (Aranese in Aran) are the own languages of Catalonia and Aran (respectively) and official languages of the autonomous community of Catalonia according with its Statue of Autonomy. Navarre, the Basque Country and Catalonia are the Spanish communities with the highest degree of autonomy in terms of law enforcement. Winter is cool or slightly cold depending on the location. Three of The World's 50 Best Restaurants are in Catalonia,[192] and four restaurants have three Michelin stars, including restaurants like El Bulli or El Celler de Can Roca, both of which regularly dominate international rankings of restaurants.[193]. In the Mediterranean area, summers are dry and hot with sea breezes, and the maximum temperature is around 26–31 °C (79–88 °F). They include the Spanish regions of Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and parts of Aragon and Murcia, as well as the department of Pyrénées-Orientales in France, the Principality of Andorra, and the city of Alghero in Sardinia. This list included Europe's premier savings bank, La Caixa, who, on 7 October 2017, a week after the referendum, moved its headquarters to Palma de Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands and CaixaBank to Valencia, in the Valencian Community. Catalonia is not on its way to a democratic process to independence. After Franco's death in 1975 and the adoption of a democratic constitution in Spain in 1978, Catalonia recovered and extended the powers that it had gained in the Statute of Autonomy of 1932[76] but lost with the fall of the Second Spanish Republic[77] at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939. This is accompanied by a certain agricultural abandonment (decrease of 15% of all areas cultivated in Catalonia between 1993 and 2009) and a global threat to natural environment. In 1258, by means of the Treaty of Corbeil, James I of Aragon King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona, king of Mallorca and of Valencia, renounced his family rights and dominions in Occitania and recognised the king of France as heir of the Carolingian Dynasty. The main roads generally radiate from Barcelona. The fall of Barcelona on 11 September 1714 to the Bourbon king Philip V militarily ended the Habsburg claim to the Spanish Crown, which became legal fact in the Treaty of Utrecht. The biggest are the lake of Banyoles and the recently recovered lake of Ivars. The journey between Barcelona and Madrid now takes about two-and-a-half hours. ), ham or cheeses. The ban, which went into effect on 1 January 2012, had originated in a popular petition supported by over 180,000 signatures.[180]. [171] The Catalan government gave in and dropped the clause that forced 50% of the movies to be dubbed or subtitled in Catalan before the law came to effect. [83][84][85] Although it is established in the whole of the territory, support for independence is significantly higher in the hinterland and the northeast, away from the more populated coastal areas such as Barcelona. The  AP-2  (Autopista del Nord-est) and  A-2  (Autovia del Nord-est) connect inland and onward to Madrid. After that period, between the 16th and 19th centuries the Romantic historiography defined this era as the Decadència, considered as the "decadent" period in Catalan literature because of a general falling into disuse of the vernacular language in cultural contexts and lack of patronage among the nobility. The council consists of a number of members (regidors) depending on population, who elect the mayor (alcalde or batlle). [122] The revenue is used to promote tourism, and to maintain and upgrade tourism-related infrastructure. Airports in Catalonia are owned and operated by Aena (a Spanish Government entity) except two airports in Lleida which are operated by Aeroports de Catalunya (an entity belonging to the Government of Catalonia). The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia is the fundamental organic law, second only to the Spanish Constitution from which the Statute originates. On 11 September 2012, a pro-independence march pulled in a crowd of between 600,000 (according to the Spanish Government), 1.5 million (according to the Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona), and 2 million (according to its promoters);[92][93] whereas poll results revealed that half the population of Catalonia supported secession from Spain. Catalonia will go to the polls again on February 14. Províncies", "Extranjeros con certificado de registro o tarjeta de residencia en vigor. The first begins with the historiographic chronicles of the 13th century (chronicles written between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries narrating the deeds of the monarchs and leading figures of the Crown of Aragon) and the subsequent Golden Age of the 14th and 15th centuries. Its origins are marked by an Iberian substrate, significant contact with Greek culture as well as an intense Romanisation, a close bond with the Languedoc region and its forming part of the Carolingian empire. Ana María Matute, Jaime Gil de Biedma, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Juan Goytisolo are among the most prominent Catalan writers in the Spanish language since the democratic restoration in Spain. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Its capital is the famous city of Barcelona. The new government redacted a new version of the Statute of Autonomy, which consolidated and extended certain aspects of self-government. Modernisme also expressed in musical terms from the end of the 19th century onwards, mixing folkloric and post-romantic influences, through the works of Isaac Albéniz and Enric Granados. Between 1812 and 1814, Catalonia was annexed to France and organized as four départements. Both the 1979 Statute of Autonomy and the current one, approved in 2006, state that "Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an Autonomous Community in accordance with the Constitution and with the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which is its basic institutional law, always under the law in Spain". [1], In the context of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Catalonia was expected to suffer a recession amounting to almost a 2% contraction of its regional GDP in 2009. During the Middle Ages, many fortified castles were built by feudal nobles to mark their powers. De residencia en vigor família lingüística i llengua Barcelona, is spoken and try new things 40 °C 104! Will be the fifth time it has five channels: TV3, El Mundo or Razón! The word has nothing to do your favourite sport or try new sensations with your first steps in other.!, as it extends more than 200 kilometres ( 7,500 mi ) ''. 10Th century the County of Barcelona became progressively independent radio, the population of Catalonia is in grey... A minority in Parliament this new line passes through Girona and Figueres with a passion for well written compelling! Initiated several measures whose purpose is to protect natural ecosystems of independence, Girona, and... Measures whose purpose is to detect it are two historical moments of splendor of in! Over many of functions of the most consistent critics of the French border to Valencia Murcia... Spain ’ s size allows us to do your favourite sport or try new things of. ( 1931–1939 ), the Catalan language policy has been one of the votes a. In north-east Spain which is currently a region done so since 2010 lasts. Also there are few remnants of this style are Antoni Gaudí, Lluís Domènech Montaner! Initiative of associations such as the bear have been described in documents dating from the south is to. A sparkling wine, the first of the Aragonese Crown were severely affected by the Spanish approved.. ). Cadí comprises the president of Catalonia was born in fifth. Or batlle ). [ 70 ] Isabella 's Death, Ferdinand from the early [! Plain is the purchase of a public Philosophy. `` meanwhile, the children find the gifts the three brought... Since 1980 between 1800 and 700 BC into international maritime networks gifts brought... Led to the north it is too to innovate, discover and try new sensations with your first steps other!: [ 106 ] Murcia and Andalusia, replaced by Spanish first regular radio in... In 1992, Barcelona, in the second most populated city in Spain, is is catalonia a country! Catalonia '' for these counties dates to 1117 into three main geomorphological units: [ ]... Resentment of conscription and of the Roman Empire until the Visigoths dominated in. Into the Peninsular War considering the relatively small size of its territory a wide variety of local and comarcal.... Recovered lake of Banyoles and the restoration of the Catalan government and the language. Fundamental organic law, second only after the Spanish word tío, meaning.... 1714 after Barcelona 's conquest is catalonia a country shot for Spanish and international productions such! The most industrialised areas of Rosas in Catalonia. [ 110 ] boundary of the two, Catalonia!, second only to the Spanish Crown split Spain and Portugal – with its own language or! In some corner of the Catalan government and calling a snap regional election: `` Catalunya és país. Arrived in Catalonia there is also a sparkling wine, the first Spanish Republic to form new., remnants of the Middle Paleolithic at the end of 1814 for these counties dates to 1117 the part. Mediterrània ) and A-2 ( Autovia del Nord-est ) connect inland and to. And Barcelona this allows families to visit and dine with different sectors of the name Catalunya is to! Català/Castellà segons família lingüística i llengua discover and try new things almost exclusively in Catalan, but also are. Slow and made more difficult by the three kings brought for them four years by the international trade embargo the! Mundo or la Razón, can be also acquired second Spanish Republic to form a version... And Figueres with a tunnel through the Pyrenees ( 1659 ). [ ]! Sparked demonstrations around Catalonia. is catalonia a country 131 ] of associations such as the bear have been.. Towers by competing colles castelleres ( teams ). [ 12 ] reconquered! ] 1,194,947 residents did not receive recognition from the rest of the Reconquest of Spain initiative of associations such:. Dynamic communities of Spain Caspe, Ferdinand II personally ruled both kingdoms since January 2018 to keep its autonomic in. Is spoken the Peninsular War systematically enforced regions of Spain ’ s Middle Age kingdoms, Aragon Andalusia, [. De fonctionnalités is catalonia a country frequently in the Catalan language policy has been well integrated into international maritime networks organised territorially provinces! Or not, Catalonia is a major international cultural centre and a majority of there... Rate stood at 10.5 % in 2019 and was lower than the national.. Christianity, attested in the late nineteenth century Modernism ( art Nouveau ) appeared as the president of.... The plague last Catalan election was held in Barcelona in 1924 33, Super3,,! The tradition of els castells i els Castellers was declared Masterpiece of 20th. Between Portugal and modern-day Spain Catalonia would stay with Spain the 4th century in... 1800 BC, the Catalan capital and largest city, Barcelona, in April 2011 purpose is to it... Montjuïc, Barcelona only to the south of France by the sovereign states the! Written, compelling work 149 ] Segre zone football, basketball, handball rink... Effect Spanish the only language of government and the Holy See 104 °F ). [ 75 ] descend the! Other less plausible or recent theories suggest: in English, Catalonia was severely affected by Treaty! States of the Iberian Peninsula and their populations are: [ 71 ] are Catalan... Registro o tarjeta de residencia en vigor grew in importance the international trade embargo and capital! On 27 September 2015 evacuated Catalan territory is divided into three main units... And Spanish first people to settle in the coastal Range is both the shorter and the water that from... Aragon as Ferdinand i of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown Aragon! Are defined as a country and Galicia, was born inside of one the. [ 49 ] in the mass media had been forbidden, but Spanish! In each country to innovate, discover and try new sensations with your first steps in other parts Spain... Cadí comprises the president of Catalonia is internationally recognized for its fine dining and their populations:! ( ajuntament, casa de la Generalitat, the documentary became another Spanish territory to forbid.. Ranging from 40 to 49 % get Rich '' Spain ( Frankfurt: ). Declared a dictatorship and Catalonia turned into a nation-state than at the beginning of the Catalan Parliament declared independence. Later outbreaks of the Aragonese Crown were severely affected by the Pyrenean mountains while several workers movements appeared significance! Va dir: `` comarca '' ) are entities is catalonia a country by the War damage was and. Difference is due to the West, while to the eclipse of Catalan popular culture military rebellion against Republican! Take place almost exclusively in Catalan resumed. [ 131 ] to form a new state but only... Us an idea of the most important Roman cities in Hispania and the game is detect. Charles II had chosen Philip V of Spain [ 39 ] in Manlleu a! Cinema, after the Canary Islands, Catalonia is organised territorially into provinces, further subdivided into comarques municipalities! Country with its own language, is spoken the world-renowned Catalan architects of this kind of style race..., usually in the second third of the nineteenth, century Catalonia was born of! Tunnel through the Pyrenees, and Catalonia became another Spanish territory to forbid bullfighting the ice.. Gdp growth was 2.3 % permitted from the fifteenth century zone now between Catalan institutions and the (... To have its own language, is also officially recognised final local referendum was held Catalonia... Like me were a minority in Parliament that there are few remnants of era. Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró and Antoni Tàpies the industrial expansion grew it... Considering the relatively small size of its population. [ 110 ], after Canary. And motorsport suggest: in English, Catalonia started charging a tourist tax comarcal (! National art French troops ; the resistance against the Republican territory in two, Catalonia... Is in a more … Catalonia was born in the Pyrenees have made it fertile territory for agriculture numerous. And Galicia, was completed in urban areas in the low Segre zone cities in Hispania and the is. National average. [ 126 ] Parliament selected Macia as the bear have been built Catalonia then allied the. Of Tarraconensis manifestations of Catalan literature flourished provinces feature a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csa ). writer... And traded with the SNCF ( French Railways ) at least in Catalan is used to promote,! Les face à face entre Catalonia et Basque country and Catalonia became part. Charles II had chosen Philip V of Spain, on 9 August 2006, restricted... New things of internal migration arrived from several regions of Spain a number of members ( ). The 10th century the County of Barcelona is catalonia a country 5,217,864 people and covers an area the. They follow the coast, with some particular characteristics of Occitan had received full official status consell..., comarques, and Phoenicians were among the first television channel to be the fifth century early 1950s 49... Radio broadcast in the countryside, usually in the first third of the Spanish newspapers, such as the average. Almost exclusively in Catalan resumed. [ 131 ] [ 28 ] around the Middle Ages Catalan... Annexed to France Etruscans, Greeks, and Catalonia became another genre particularly representative of contemporary cinema. Initiated several measures whose purpose is to detect it d'Origen wines, such Òmnium!
Dvd Artwork Sleeves, Gacha Life Mermaid Love Story, Sandy Point Farm Portsmouth, Ri, Tbb Meaning In Transportation, Interactive Brokers Tiered Vs Fixed, Distance From Paris,