Many new initiatives have been introduced to improve security in the sea lane, but it is regrettable that the international users, save Japan, which provides assistance in order to enhance navigation safety via funding from the Nippon Foundation through the Malacca Straits Council, have thus far not matched their usage of the Straits with contribution to the costs of maintaining and securing it. The burden of maintaining security in the Straits International users consider the Straits an international sea lane, which they have the right to use, as provided for in Part III of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 on transit passage of straits used for international navigation. NO airlines and train service to Malacca. In the event of US-China conflict, for example, it is foreseen that the Straits would become a major theater for their power projection, with US efforts to deny China access to Middle East oil by controlling the Straits. TOP 5 SHIPS CRASHING INTO SHORE - Duration: 4:14. megatubeuser8000 Recommended for you. Furthermore, a large portion of the world’s shipping routes use the Strait of Malacca. The Strait of Magellan lies just north of the southern tip of South America and is surrounded by Chile and Argentina. It is about 800 km long. Here is some key information about the strait: - The 900-km long (550 miles) Malacca Strait links Asia with the Middle East and Europe, carrying about 40 percent of the world’s trade. They will have their work cut out for them to assure safe passageway in the waterway while balancing their own national and regional interests with those of the international community. People also love these ideas From an economic and strategic perspective the Strait of Malacca is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world, an equivalent of the Suez Canal, or the Panama Canal. It is about 800 km long. The Strait carries 50,000 vessels per year, carrying between one-fifth and one qua… Once hailed as the jewel of the Straits of Malacca for many centuries, Malacca is Malaysia’s little historic gem, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the birthplace of the Malay Sultanate in the 15 th century. The Strait of Magellan, also known as Straits of Magellan, or the Magellan Strait, is a navigable waterway in South America which separates the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego from the continental mainland, and connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It has denied asking insurers to charge higher war risk premiums for ships transiting the Straits of Malacca. It is therefore not surprising that security in the Straits is a matter of grave concern among the littoral states and internationally. Aerial footage of Kuala Lumpur city and Malacca Strait - Duration: 1:18. This initiative has resulted in more coordinated and structured patrols. The United Nations’ General Assembly is currently considering a draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism which would include a definition of terrorism. The Strait of Malacca's geography makes the region very susceptible to piracy. As it stands, many smaller operators with vessels typically under 20,000 GRT in size and trading solely in regional waters do not have war risk insurance. The governments of Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia have called on the JWC to review its position on the Straits of Malacca. The 11 September 2001 attacks on US commercial, political and military interests have spurred the maritime sector everywhere to reassess its vulnerabilities against potential acts of hostility and sabotage. [8] ‘Melaka strait not a high risk zone, says IMB’, from www.bernama.com (accessed on 25 May 2006). [2] Article 101 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 defines ‘piracy’ as consisting of any of the following acts: (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: (i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; (ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b). • The increased patrols by Malaysian Marine Police in the Straits which have resulted in several arrests of pirates and armed gang robberies. Over 63,000 ships traversed the Straits annually [1], and traffic volume is set to increase in the years ahead, as maritime trade and demand for shipping services in the region grows, notably with the China’s projected rise as an economic superpower. These vessels include bulk carriers, container vessels, ferries, tankers, very large crude carriers (VLCC), barges They remind you that pirates have been plying the waters of the Malacca Straits for more than two hundred years. Given the many interests, perspectives and views at hand, it is important that any actions to mitigate such threats are undertaken in a rational manner in full consultation with the littoral states and in full cognizance of their sensitivities and national interests. The strait is a major shipping connection between the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, and it represents a major link between large Asian countries such as South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, and India. Malacca, Strait of (məläk`ə), c.500 mi (800 km) long and from c.30 to 200 mi (50–320 km) wide, between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.Linking the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea, it is one of the world's most important sea passages. In fact, the recorded attacks in the Straits represented less than 0.001% of its total traffic volume [9]. In the case of a VLCC (very large crude carrier or 'supertanker'), this would rise to about US$63,000 for the base premium and US$12,600 for each transit [4]. Even more so when one takes into account that incidents of pirate attacks in the Straits are at their lowest in a long time [10]. This article offers an holistic perspective on security in the Straits of Malacca. The strait is on the route between Europe, the Suez Canal, the oil-exporting countries of the Persian Gulf, and the busy ports of East Asia. The high expectations from international users and the ever-burgeoning traffic in the Straits have combined to exert considerable pressure on the littoral states to provide the maritime infrastructure to ensure security and navigation safety in the waterway. Som historical information relating to the Malacca strait has been gathered here for the benefit of the case study. It entails the coordination of patrols by a littoral state in its jurisdiction and sovereignty area with patrol partners in other areas, with the command centered in the respective countries. Early traders from Arabia, Africa, Persia, and the Southern Indian kingdoms reached Kedah before arriving at Guangzhou. Malacca, Strait of məläk´ə , c.500 mi (800 km) long and from c.30 to 200 mi (50–320 km) wide, between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. November 8, 2017 18:55. Only persistent monitoring of the Straits to protect it from the many threats will help ensure a comprehensive security environment for this vital passage. It includes Johore Strait ( q.v. WildFilmsIndia 1,674 views. The Straits also face security threats that include the smuggling of weapons and contraband goods and human trafficking. All about Indian Navy. [4] ‘Additional war risk premium imposed’, The Star, Malaysia, 5 September 2005 [5] IMB is a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia-based organization dedicated to the prevention of trade finance, maritime, transport and trade fraud and malpractice. It links the Andaman Sea and the Java Sea. • The increase in initiatives at the bilateral level, such as Indonesia and Singapore’s effort to launch a surveillance radar system in a bid to boost waterways security in the Singapore Straits linking the Straits of Malacca to the South China Sea. Narrow but more than 900 kilometers (550 miles) long, it is a strategic waterway and vital shipping lane, carrying more ships everyday than the Panama and Suez Canals combined. World Facts. Nowhere is the issue of maritime security given sharper focus than in the strategic, high-risk waters of the Straits of Malacca. 10. Given the improving security environment in the Straits, JWC should re-evaluate its dependence on the ‘advisory’ of security consultants and its one-eyed approach of not consulting with the relevant parties in coming up with its categorization. Most of the time, it is between 50 kilometres (31 mi) and 300 kilometres (190 mi) wide. Thus far, a definitive link between the two has yet to be established, although security analysts have speculated on the possibility of terrorists ‘subcontracting’ their work to pirates, leading to anxiety based on worst-case scenarios and questionable threat perception. Although it is unlikely that JWC will remove the Straits of Malacca from its list any time soon despite the protests, some encouragement can be drawn from the fact that piracy cases in the Straits are at an all-time low. (It is one of the highest-volume shipping lanes in the world.) Rulers relied on the region's pirates to maintain control. Strait of Malacca. But it has also affirmed that the Straits of Malacca would remain on the list until it was clear that the measures planned by government and other agencies in the area had been implemented and were effective. I remember thirty years ago hearing the dangers of the Malacca Straits, and I have been listening to the fear mongers ever since. Efforts by littoral states to enhance security in the Straits The littoral states of the Straits have undertaken various initiatives aimed at curbing the menace of piracy and securing the waterway from the threats of terror. 2. The Conclusions we can reach on the Strait of Malacca current and future importance will entirely depend on the continuation of many factors. The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) [5] reported that attacks attributed to pirates in the Straits of Malacca fell from 38 in 2004 to 12 in 2005 [6]. [9] On the basis of 38 attacks in the Straits in 2004 as reported by IMB against 63,636 ships traversing the Straits in 2004 as reported by the Malaysian Marine Department. The international community must put its money where their mouth is and match words with deeds to help littoral states address the security concerns in Straits in a cooperative manner that does not infringe upon the sovereignty of the states. It is a vital artery linking the region’s economy with the rest of the world. Notes [1] Marine Department of Malaysia, 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Malacca, the third smallest state in Malaysia, is located about 150 miles north of Singapore. They traded glassware, camphor, cotton goods, brocades, ivory, sandalwood, perfume, and precious stones. It is hence crucial that stakeholders of the Straits find convergence in their dissimilarities and divergent interests towards protecting it. Malacca was founded by Parameswara, the last king of Singapura who ruled from 1389 to 1398, and then fled after an invasion in 1398. Most parts are between 50 kilometres (31 mi) and 300 kilometres (190 mi) wide. Kedah served as a western port on the Malay Peninsula. The Lloyd's London underwriting market was reported to be quoting additional premiums, calculated as a percentage of the value of a ship's hull and machinery, of 0.05% for base war risk cover and 0.01% for each transit of the Straits. Some big-name shipping insurance underwriters had been known to raise their premium based on JWC’s categorization on the Straits of Malacca. Malacca has area coverage about 1668km square with 790,136 population become the second smallest states in Malaysia after Perlis. The vulnerability of the Straits’ environment and the need to protect it have long been recognized by the international community. It is a vital artery linking the region’s economy with the rest of the world. The Strait of Malacca is the primary chokepoint in Asia, and in recent years, between 85% and 90% of annual total petroleum flows through this chokepoint were crude oil. An increasing number of insurers has begun charging additional war risk premiums for vessels using the Straits since the declaration. See ‘Pirate attacks in Malacca Strait at six-year low’, The Straits Times, 9 November 2005, p. 12. • The increase in the capacity and scope of several security systems already in place involving sea surveillance, vessel traffic and ship reporting. The Straits is a sea lane of immense strategic, political and economic importance not only to the littoral states but also to the international community. Historically, piracy in the Strait of Malacca was not only a lucrative way of life but also an important political tool. • The ‘Eyes in the Sky’ (EIS) initiative, a maritime air operation for surveillance over the Straits of Malacca and Singapore. Recent reports of insurance premium increase on ships traversing the Straits lend currency to this worry. The Strait of Malacca is a marine strait. 3 By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use Privacy Policy. The strait is 10 miles (16 km) wide and lies between Singapore Island (north) and the Riau Islands (south), part of Indonesia. This is statistical confirmation of the low probability of pirate attack in the Straits. Categorization of the Straits of Malacca as a ‘war risk zone’ The Joint War Committee (JWC) of Lloyd's Market Association (LMA), the influential London-based insurance trade association, issued a list on 20 June 2005, which included 21 areas worldwide in jeopardy of “war, strike, terrorism and related perils”. This initiative, involving the three littoral states and Thailand, seeks to detect and deter acts of piracy and transnational criminal activities in the Straits. Thank you for your support for our Asia-Pacific Journal Subscription Drive December 2020. Carrying a third of world trade and half of its oil supplies, security in the Straits is a concern of everyone with a stake in the waterway. Over time, initiatives such as the Eyes in the Sky, joint patrols and other enhanced security measures announced by the littoral states should serve to improve security in the Straits further and mitigate the perceived threat. It is hence appropriate for the littoral states to speak strongly against the tendency to exaggerate security threats in the Straits, as underlined by JWC’s categorization of the waterway as a war-risk zone. This forces owners to review carefully their insurance covers. Content of this web page is sourced from wikipedia ( http://simple.wikipedia.org). The speed with which the EIS was implemented underlined the seriousness of the littoral states to combat piracy and trans-national criminal activities in the Straits region. Although there are perceived links between piracy and terrorism, especially after 9/11, they are distinctly separate both in their motivations and as defined by international law. Posted at Japan Focus on June 1, 2006. to our semi-monthly Newsletter to learn and link to the content of each issue. 1. This taxes the resources of littoral states, which include developing nations with limited resources. The committee mentioned that it is entirely up to individual insurers to react to its evaluation. Melaka Straits Mosque. The ever-increasing traffic in the waterway adds to the challenge in navigating this waterway a width of only one kilometer at its narrowest point, making the Straits vulnerable to collision and vessels running aground, either of which could threaten its ecosystem. EIS is an open arrangement that may involve the participation of other countries on a voluntary basis, if deemed necessary by the littoral states. Strait of Malacca Located in the Indian Ocean, this strait is a shortcut for oil tankers traveling between the Middle East and the oil-dependent nations … The Strait of Malacca is a marine strait. We virtually reached our $12,000 goal, keeping the journal on a firm footing in the coming year. Strait of Malacca, which separates the Malay Peninsula from Sumatra, and connects the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea. The Strait forms the main ship passageway between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, linking three of the world's most populous nations: India, Indonesia and China. Already saddled with the threat of piracy, which has long been a bane for users along the waterway, the potential threats from terrorism and war increase the burdens on the littoral states to maintaining security in the waterway. This can be attributed to increased efforts by the littoral states to improve security in the Straits. 1:18. Goa India Strait Of Malacca East Pakistan Around The World In 80 Days World Trade Hands On Activities Southeast Asia Laos Singapore. Mukundan admitted in a recent seminar on piracy that the Straits was “not a hotspot anymore”, and held that there was no reason for JWC to continue to include the area in its ‘war risk zone’ list [8]. At its narrowest point, it is only 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) wide. Nations participating in the program provide their respective air assets to conduct operations involving flight profile, pre-flight administration, operation centers, monitoring and action agencies and communication. Security threats in the Straits The Straits of Malacca face myriad threats that pose concerns for the littoral states and to all with any stake and interest in the Straits. Nazery Khalid is a Research Fellow, Maritime Institute of Malaysia. Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. The trilateral initiative, launched in July 2004, is a joint special task force by the littoral states to safeguard the Straits and provide effective policing along the waterway. [6] IMB attributed the reduction in the number of attacks on the increased patrols in the Straits of Malacca by the navies of the littoral states. Assuming that tankers and bulk carriers exceeding 100,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) detour through the deep-water Lombok Strait and that all other smaller transiting ships use the more proximate but shallower Sunda Strait, a week-long closure of the Strait of Malacca would result in an estimated $64.5 million in additional shipping costs. Such interests of international users and foreign powers often collide with those of the littoral states. The decision to add the Straits to the committee's list of high-risk areas was taken following recommendations by a private defense consultant, Aegis Defence Services, which carried out risk assessments on the area and suggested that it was a potential site for a terrorist attack. Hence, the burden rests on the insured to prove that his vessel was damaged or lost as a consequence of an insured peril. Nukuʻalofa is Tonga's capital city. Apr 27, 2019 - Explore Tanveerali's board "Strait of malacca" on Pinterest. The Strait of Malacca is also an important transit route for liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Persian Gulf and African suppliers, particularly Qatar , to East Asian countries with growing LNG demand. It acts as a focal point for the international trading and shipping industry and those associated with facilitating the movement of goods. Carrying a third of world trade and half of its oil supplies, security in the Straits is a concern of everyone with a stake in the waterway. The connection of these countries has had a major impact on their shipping companies. Tag: strait of malacca. In an August 2005 joint communique, the foreign ministers of these states urged the committee to "review its risk assessment accordingly". P. Mukundan, the Director of IMB, merely “maritime muggings” involving small boats with fast outboard motors for opportunistic attacks on prosperous-looking vessels [7]. The waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean) is known as the Strait of Malacca.It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west and peninsular (West) Malaysia and extreme southern Thailand to the east and has an area of about 25,000 square miles (65,000 square kilometers). Based on the sharp reduction of attacks, Capt. This page was last changed on 24 December 2020, at 20:29. The littoral states have steadfastly called for a sense of perspective to be exercised in assessing the security situation in the Straits of Malacca. Dire straits, or worrying for nought? It lies in Chilean territorial waters for the most part. JWC has stated that it would welcome measures to reduce security concerns in the Straits, including precisely the kind that the littoral states have undertaken. These traders sailed to Kedah via the monsoonwinds between June and November. Chief ports include Belawan in Indonesia and Melaka Melaka or Malacca, state (1991 pop. The term carries different meaning to different people. This evaluation was made without broad consultation with security experts and failed to distinguish clearly between piracy and terrorism. For example, Japan's top non-life insurers – Tokio Marine, Nichido Fire Insurance Co, Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Co and Sompo Insurance – have informed the Japanese Shipowners’ Association that additional premiums would be levied for Japanese-insured ships transiting the Straits. Built on stilts over the sea, Melaka Straits Mosque is a modern designed mosque perfectly blends with both Malaysian and Middle Eastern mosque architecture. Such negative perception needs to be put straight in light of the achievements of the littoral states in bringing about a marked decline in piracy incidents and improving the general level of security in the Straits. These are 16 Fun Facts About Malacca, Malaysia. ), … Such keen attention is underlined by US hints that it might send its naval forces to unilaterally patrol the Straits should it feel that the littoral states were not up to the task. This translates into around US$12,500 for the base war-risk premium for a small 1,100 TEU container feeder vessel and US$2,500 for each passage through the Straits. The intense concentration in cargo traffic in the Straits has spawned a complex web of hub and feeder shipping networks within the region and with the rest of the world. • The proposal to set up an Information Sharing Center in Singapore by December 2006 is set out in the Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and armed robbery against Ships in Asia. In the wake of the 9-11 attacks, this crucial passage has suffered from bad PR and been deemed a high-risk area due to its ‘image’ of being a piracy-prone area and the perceived threat of terrorism in its waters. • The implementation of MALSINDO, a coordinated patrol scheme involving the navies of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. Where Is the Strait of Malacca? Initial fears within the maritime community that the declaration could result in dramatically higher insurance costs for the many thousands of ships that transit the straits on an annual basis have proven valid. See more ideas about beautiful mosques, mosque, islamic architecture. Linking the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea, it is one of the world's most important sea passages. The allure of Malacca is manifold with its unique pedigree borne from its ancestral settlers from the four corners of the world. Total population by Ethnic group Malays 64.12%, Chinese 25.25%, Indian 6%, Others 0.48% and non citizen 4.15%. In light of the improving security situation in the Straits and the stepping up of security efforts in the littoral states, the declaration has appeared even more overdramatic. Malacca can be access by road only. During the seminar, a case study of the Malacca strait will be performed. Strait of Magellan Facts. Commencing in September 2005, it features the conduct of combined maritime air patrol by the armed forces and maritime enforcement agencies of the littoral and invited international participating nations. Nevertheless, the efforts to maintain and secure the waterway have always been undertaken by the littoral states, and it is they who have shouldered the bulk of the costs involved as well. These include agreement on information exchange and establishment of communication procedures, treaty of mutual assistance in criminal matters and regional forum framework on measures against terrorism, counter-terrorism and transnational crime. Japan has provided significant funding and resources to install and maintain navigational flow in the Straits, as well as pollution preventive measures.Despite the negative publicity given to the security situation in the Straits due to pirate attacks and heightened threat perception post 9-11, few attacks have occurred in the area. MALSINDO complements several previous bilateral coordinated patrols conducted between littoral states. It links the Andaman Sea and the Java Sea, and separates Malaya and Sumatra. EIS was mooted by the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia during the Shangri-la Dialogue July 2005 in Singapore to complement MALSINDO. IMB also manages the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Piracy Reporting Center dedicated to the suppression of piracy and armed robbery against ships. It was and still is an important passageway between China and India, used heavily for commercial trade. Abstract The Straits of Malacca is one of the world’s busiest and most important shipping lanes. strait of malacca The Strait of Malacca is a narrow strait of water that divides the Indonesian island of Sumatra from Malaysia and Singapore. Bass Strait, which is between mainland Australia and Tasmania, and connects the Indian Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. Latest. JWC has maintained that it has done no more than publish a list of areas considered at high risk of war or war-related perils on the basis of advice received from its consultants. It lays out the extent of the challenges faced by the littoral states in managing security in the Straits and advocates a comprehensive approach in carrying out the task. The Straits’ long and narrow coastline provides physical features conducive to the proliferation of such activities. • The proposed Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRITS) of ships initiative by Maritime Security Committee of IMO. Straits Settlements Singapore Nostalgia Chinese Facts Memories History Santiago Souvenirs Malacca - A Famosa (Porta de Santiago) c. 1900s. Naturally, the differences in interests have given rise to some disparity in perception and emphasis towards the security threats facing the Straits, and the approaches and responses to confront them. Shipowners in the region have been up in arms ever since JWC’s declaration opened the door to insurers placing a war risk assessment on vessels navigating the Straits to charge additional war risk insurance premiums. https://wiki.kidzsearch.com/w/index.php?title=Strait_of_Malacca&oldid=5048015, Commons category link is on Wikidata using P373. With terrorism being added to the definition of war risk insurance, in a scenario where a vessel is damaged from what appears to be a pirate attack, it would be possible for an underwriter to refuse to entertain the claim as it could interpret it to be a terrorist act. While it is not realistic to expect zero-piracy in the huge area of the Straits, the recent drastic drop in piracy attacks in to the Straits reveals the positive results of the intense efforts undertaken by the littoral states. Similar strong protests have been registered by shipping industry associations in the region against the assessment, but such efforts to convince the JWC to reverse its decision have been largely unsuccessful. 'S geography makes the region ’ s economy with the rest of the coordinated patrols conducted littoral! Have provided substantial counter-evidence against the perception that they were not doing much to maintain control East... 50,000 vessels per year, carrying between one-fifth and one qua… the Strait of lies! Otherwise noted Malaysia during the Seminar, a case study of the world ’ s economy the! Commitment to forge regional maritime security committee of IMO always short on facts but strong on fear boost security the... 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