Also in Tanzania, a pastoralist individual was found to carry ancestry related to the Western-Eurasian-related pre-pottery Levant farmers. [56] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received international recognition, and in the following year the Royal Niger Company was chartered under the leadership of Sir George Goldie. South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup, a first for a sub-Saharan country. South Africa is a major force in the game and won the Rugby World Cup in 1995, 2007 and 2019. In 2003 the Cricket World Cup was held in South Africa, first time it was held in sub-Saharan Africa. 300:318–21. In Ghana, most health care is provided by the government and largely administered by the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Services. [181] Sub-saharan Africa is a major producer of gold, producing up to 30% of global production. [163], Radio is the major source of information in sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan African cuisine is very diverse. The UN predicts for the region a population between 2 and 2.5 billion by 2050[74] with a population density of 80 per km2 compared to 170 for Western Europe, 140 for Asia and 30 for the Americas. They are principally spoken by Nilotic peoples and are also spoken in Sudan among the Fur, Masalit, Nubian and Zaghawa peoples and in West and Central Africa among the Songhai, Zarma and Kanuri. Significant suppliers are Niger, Namibia, and South Africa. [208] According to a 2013 special report issued by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the number of HIV positive people in Africa receiving anti-retroviral treatment in 2012 was over seven times the number receiving treatment in 2005, with an almost 1 million added in the last year alone. It has a dry winter season and a wet summer season. They slowly moved south, and the earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal Province are believed to date from around 1050. History of Africa, Rev. ", "Contemptuousness Of A "Sub-Saharan Africa" By Chika Onyeani", "Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit, Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks", "Simulation of an Abrupt Change in Saharan Vegetation in the Mid-Holocene", "Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started By Changes In Earth's Orbit, Accelerated By Atmospheric And Vegetation Feedbacks", "Southern African ancient genomes estimate modern human divergence to 350,000 to 260,000 years ago", "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species", "Did Our Species Evolve in Subdivided Populations across Africa, and Why Does It Matter? [166] China is promising to train 10,000 technicians from Africa and other developing countries in the use of solar energy technologies over the next five years. [30] It spread throughout the Sahel and southern Sahara. Princeton, Princeton University Press. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate as part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. 60 Seconds. 1–16. "When young women migrate to cities, this imbalance between the sexes, as well as financial need, often causes young women of lower economic status, who lack education and job training, to have sexual relationships with older men who are established in their work or profession and can afford to support a girlfriend or two". [231], Sub-Saharan traditional divination systems display great sophistication. In 2010, Cameroon played in the World Cup for the sixth time, which is the current record for a sub-Saharan team. 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