rajatarangini was translated into persian by

He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. In the legacy of Sanskrit, Kashmir and Kerala can be said to have a unique fellowship of literary creativity, with icons like Bilhana and Somadeva in Kashmir and Shankara and Narayana Bhattathiri in Kerala. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. Report Error In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. Abstract. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. . Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in Harsha of Kashmir's court. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Verse 12. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It is by late Vidwan T.K. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. 23 February 2011. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Verse 15. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. View Answer Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Murdered by Radda. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. Omissions? He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. 1 His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Established the city of. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How do people make money on survival on Mars? In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Subscribe here. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Satluj. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). You can try more lenient search to get some results. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Concerning past occasions. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. Verse 12. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. They cannot be abusive or personal. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. From Stein's translation:[3]. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. The Journal of Asian Studies (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Match words . Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Kalhana was a poet. Verse 11. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? Total loading time: 0 for this article. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. For 56 years, The Journal of Asian Studies has been It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. The earliest reference to the Kambojas is around the 5th century BCE. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. The relative Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. translator of the Rajataragini. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969.

rajatarangini was translated into persian by 2023